Human gallbladder mucosal function : effects on intraluminal fluid and lipid composition in health and disease.

Abstract: Gallbladder mucosal absorption of fluid during fasting is a well-known process. Indirect in vivo and recent in vitro evidence for physiologically relevant gallbladder absorption of cholesterol and phospholipids from bile has been observed in humans. The present study explored and compared by indirect means the relative efficiences of human gallbladder mucosal absorption of fluid and lipids in health and disease. Biliary lipids and pigment content were measured in fasting gallbladder bile samples obtained from gallstone-free controls and from four study groups: multiple and solitary cholesterol gallstone patients, and morbidly obese subjects with and without gallstones. Bile salts and pigment content were significantly greater in gallstone-free controls than in all other disease study groups, This was interpreted as evidence of more effective gallbladder mucosal fluid absorption in nonobese gallstone-free controls compared to that in all other groups, Correlation plot analyses of biliary lipids showed lower concentrations of phospholipids than expected from the index bile salt concentrations, The same was found for cholesterol concentrations but only in supersaturated samples, These findings were much more pronounced in gallstone free-controls and were accordingly interpreted as evidence of more efficient gallbladder absorption of both phospholipids and cholesterol in controls compared with that found in each of the disease study groups, Moreover, impaired gallbladder mucosal function, while invariably associated with cholesterol gallstone disease, was not found to be a necessary consequence of the physical presence of stones. It is concluded that efficient gallbladder mucosal absorption of both fluid and apolar lipids from bile is a normal physiological process that is often seriously impaired in the presence of either cholesterol gallstone disease or at least one of its precursor forms

Gene expression profile of colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38

Aim: Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in the industrialcountries. Due to advances regarding the treatments, primarily development ofimproved surgical methods, and the ability to make the earlier diagnosis, the mortalityhas remained constant during the past decades even though the incidence in fact hasincreased. To improve chemotherapy and enable personalised treatment, the need ofbiomarkers is of great significance. In this study we evaluated the gene expressionprofiles of the colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38, the active metabolite oftopoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.Material and Methods: The study included three colon cancer cell lines KM12C,KM12SM and KM12l4a. The three cell lines were treated with SN-38, and sampleswere obtained after 24 and 48 hour treatments. The gene expression analyses wereperformed using oligonucleotide microarrays comprising of ~27,000 spots where theuntreated controls were compared to the SN-38 treated samples. Results: Unsupervisedclustering clearly distinguished the treated cell lines from the untreated. Supervisedanalysis identified 3974 significant genes (p=0.05) differentiating the treated samplesfrom the untreated, majority of which were downregulated after treatment. The toprankeddownregulated genes in the treated cell lines included those related to receptorand kinase activity, signal transduction, apoptosis, RNA processing, protein metabolismand transport, cell cycle and transcription. A smaller number of genes were upregulatedin the cell lines after treatment and included genes involved in apoptosis, transcription,development and differentiation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that theexpression of the genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as RNA,DNA and protein metabolism were affected by SN-38. The impact of certain genes oncolorectal cancer development needs to be further evaluated, however these resultscould serve as a basis for further studies in order to find targets for irinotecan treatment.Original Publication:Åsa Wallin, P. Francis, N. Nilbert, Joar Svanvik and Xiao-Feng Sun, Gene expression profile of colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38, 2010, Chemotherapy, (56), 1, 17-25.http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000287353Copyright: S. Karger AGhttp://www.karger.com

Gene expression profile of colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38

Aim: Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in the industrialcountries. Due to advances regarding the treatments, primarily development ofimproved surgical methods, and the ability to make the earlier diagnosis, the mortalityhas remained constant during the past decades even though the incidence in fact hasincreased. To improve chemotherapy and enable personalised treatment, the need ofbiomarkers is of great significance. In this study we evaluated the gene expressionprofiles of the colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38, the active metabolite oftopoisomerase-1 inhibitor irinotecan which leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.Material and Methods: The study included three colon cancer cell lines KM12C,KM12SM and KM12l4a. The three cell lines were treated with SN-38, and sampleswere obtained after 24 and 48 hour treatments. The gene expression analyses wereperformed using oligonucleotide microarrays comprising of ~27,000 spots where theuntreated controls were compared to the SN-38 treated samples. Results: Unsupervisedclustering clearly distinguished the treated cell lines from the untreated. Supervisedanalysis identified 3974 significant genes (p=0.05) differentiating the treated samplesfrom the untreated, majority of which were downregulated after treatment. The toprankeddownregulated genes in the treated cell lines included those related to receptorand kinase activity, signal transduction, apoptosis, RNA processing, protein metabolismand transport, cell cycle and transcription. A smaller number of genes were upregulatedin the cell lines after treatment and included genes involved in apoptosis, transcription,development and differentiation. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that theexpression of the genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as RNA,DNA and protein metabolism were affected by SN-38. The impact of certain genes oncolorectal cancer development needs to be further evaluated, however these resultscould serve as a basis for further studies in order to find targets for irinotecan treatment.Original Publication:Åsa Wallin, P. Francis, N. Nilbert, Joar Svanvik and Xiao-Feng Sun, Gene expression profile of colon cancer cell lines treated with SN-38, 2010, Chemotherapy, (56), 1, 17-25.http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000287353Copyright: S. Karger AGhttp://www.karger.com